What is MONUSCO?

MONUSCO is a stabilization mission established by UN in the democratic republic of Congo or MONUSCO. It is a UN peacekeeping mission force in the DR of Congo. It is established to maintain peace for further future. On July 2010 the Security Council renamed MONUC to MONUSCO by it's resolution 1925. This was done to show the new phase reached in the country.

Mission mandate

The UN organization Stabilizing Mission in DR of Congo (MONUSCO) was established by the UN Security Council on 28th of May 2010. MONUSCO mandate includes protection of civilians various violence which threat their live, facilitating human accessories, disarming and demobilizing. Peacekeeping operations main aim is to enforce ceasefire and peace. 

Background

After the genocide in Rwanda in 1994, 1.2 million Hutu rebels fled into the Eastern Kivu regions of DRC, fearing the Tutsi revenge. After reports came out it was know that the president of DRC, Joseph Mobutu, had allowed the rebels to rearm the Eastern DRC, this caused the Rwandan government to support the Congolese rebel group lear Kaurent Kabila. This soon led to the Second Congo War, in which eight nations had participated and it went on for 5 year. The war ended in 1997, when the forces of Kabila overthrew Joseph, captured the capital city Kinshasa, and renamed the country and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). 

In 1998, a rebellion group against the Kabila government started with Kivu regions. Soon the rebels captures and seized larger areas of the Eastern parts of the country. The Lusaka Ceasefire agreement wwas signed in 1999 by all parties and The UN peacekeeping mission MONUC was established. Although this mission was established the violence and killing continued. In January 2001, Kabila was assassinated and his son Joseph Kabila had handled the presidency. The countries free and fair elections were held, electing Joseph Kabila. Despite of these development, violence and insecurity in the countries eastern parts sustained, with  big number of armed groups operating the areas. There is lack of firm government control over much of the territory. This was the cause that MONUSCO was also established to maintain a firm government and to maintain peace.

                             https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRI5n7DUZyA&t=58s

From MONUC to MONUSCO

The situation in Congo was visible to stabilize slightly starting in 2008 and 2009. This was done through improving the relation with Rwanda. President Kabila forced for MONUC to begin plans for reduction of size of military and closing the mission by 2011.  The UN countered this pressure, looking at the danger of a security being created for sake of national pride. Then it adjusted and decreased its forces by 2,000 troops and renamed it as MONUSCO under resolution 1925 on 28 May 2010. This was the change as UN tilted its mandate and changed from MONUC to MONUSCO because of the pressure of the Congolese government.

Current Processes